The changing epidemiology of measles in an era of elimination: lessons from health-care-setting transmissions of measles during an outbreak in New South Wales, Australia, 2012

Authors

  • Alexis Pillsbury National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases (NCIRS), The Children’s Hospital at Westmead and the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
  • May Chiew National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases (NCIRS), The Children’s Hospital at Westmead and the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
  • Shopna Bag Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia
  • Kirsty Hope Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
  • Sophie Norton Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia
  • Stephen Conaty South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
  • Vicky Sheppeard Health Protection NSW, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • Peter McIntyre National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases (NCIRS), The Children’s Hospital at Westmead and the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5365/wpsar.2016.7.1.010

Abstract

Introduction: In countries where measles is rare, health-care-setting transmissions remain problematic. Australia experienced its largest measles outbreak in 15 years in 2012 with 199 cases reported nationally; 170 cases occurred in the state of New South Wales (NSW) with symptom onset between 7 April and 29 November 2012.

Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using measles case data obtained from metropolitan Sydney local health districts in NSW in 2012. Characteristics of measles source and secondary cases were described. Details of health-care presentations resulting and not resulting in measles transmission were also analysed.

Results: There were 168 confirmed and two probable cases resulting in 405 documented health-care presentations. Thirty-four secondary cases acquired in health-care settings were identified, including 29 cases resulting from 14 source cases and 5 cases whose source could not be identified. Health-care-acquired cases accounted for 20% of all cases in this outbreak. Source cases were more likely to be of Pacific Islander descent (P = 0.009) and to have had more presentations before diagnosis (P = 0.012) compared to other cases. The percentage of presentations to emergency departments was higher for presentations that resulted in transmission compared to those that did not (71.4% and 37.6%, respectively, P = 0.028). There were no significant differences between transmission and non-transmission presentations with respect to presence of rash and infection control measures (P = 0.762 and P = 0.221, respectively), although the power to detect these differences was limited. Rash was reported at 66% of the presentations.

Conclusion: Development of and adherence to protocols for the management of patients presenting to hospitals with fever and rash will minimize secondary transmission of measles.

Downloads

Published

19-10-2016

How to Cite

1.
Pillsbury A, Chiew M, Bag S, Hope K, Norton S, Conaty S, Sheppeard V, McIntyre P. The changing epidemiology of measles in an era of elimination: lessons from health-care-setting transmissions of measles during an outbreak in New South Wales, Australia, 2012. Western Pac Surveill Response J [Internet]. 2016 Oct. 19 [cited 2026 Mar. 29];7(4). Available from: https://ojs.wpro.who.int/ojs/index.php/wpsar/article/view/431

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 4 (2016): October – December

Section

Original Research

License

You are free to:

  • Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
  • Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
  • The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Under the following terms:

  • Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
  • No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Notices:

When the Licensor is an intergovernmental organization, disputes will be resolved by mediation and arbitration unless otherwise agreed.

You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.

No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 > >>